Industrial Biological Fermentation Tank

Introduction

Importance coefficient
Generally, the height-to-diameter ratio of the fermenter is between 1.7 and 2.5. A large height-to-diameter ratio is conducive to heat transfer and dissolved oxygen, and the stirring shear force is large. The stirring device of the fermenter includes mechanical stirring and non-mechanical stirring. The stirring device for ventilated fermentation includes a motor, a transmission device, a stirring shaft, a shaft sealing device and a stirring paddle. The purpose of mechanical stirring is to quickly disperse air bubbles and mix and add materials. It is sometimes contradictory for a stirring paddle to achieve these two purposes at the same time. For example, to achieve the mixing function, a large-diameter agitator and low-speed operation are required, while to improve the effect of dispersing air bubbles, multiple blades, small diameter and high speed are required. The input power of the motor depends on the form of the stirring paddle and other components of the fermenter. Four baffles are often installed in the fermenter to increase the efficiency of mixing, heat transfer and mass transfer. The width of the baffle is 10% to 12% of the diameter of the fermenter. The wider the baffle, the better the mixing effect. In the aerobic submerged fermenter, the compressed air from the sterile air system is injected into the fermenter through the air distributor, and the distributor has a single-hole tube type and a multi-hole tube type. The installation methods are different, and it is generally installed under the bottom agitator, but care must be taken to prevent the pores from being blocked by bacteria or solid particles in the fermentation broth. Some air distributors have a water discharge structure, so that no fermentation broth remains in the tube after the tank is placed. The aeration speed shall be subject to the needs of microbial fermentation, and the dissolved oxygen shall be above the critical oxygen depth. It depends on the design and operation of the system. The upper limit of the air velocity is that the air can be effectively dispersed by the impeller, which is related to the form and speed of the impeller.
Microorganisms need oxygen during reproduction and aerobic fermentation, and air is usually used as an oxygen source. There are all kinds of microorganisms in the air. These microorganisms enter the culture solution with the air. Under suitable conditions, they will reproduce in large numbers, consume a large amount of nutrients, and produce various metabolites, which interfere or even destroy the normal operation of the scheduled fermentation. If it is carried out, the potency of the fermented product will be reduced, the yield will be reduced, and even serious accidents such as complete fermentation failure will be caused. Therefore, the sterilization of air has become an important link in the aerobic fermentation project. There are many methods of sterilization, such as filter sterilization, heat sterilization, electrostatic sterilization, radiation sterilization, etc., but the sterilization effects, equipment conditions, and economic conditions of various methods are different. The degree of sterilization required depends on the requirements of the fermentation process. It is necessary to achieve the sterilization effect and simplify the sterilization process as much as possible to reduce equipment investment and power consumption for normal operation.

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